| |
"un" Suffixes |
|
|
-on = "un" |
common London apron
pardon person reckon summon carbon |
Vol. 8
832-851 |
|
-an = "un" |
human African Christian
pagan veteran Mexican Canadian American |
Vol. 8
852-856 |
|
-en = "un" |
leaden rotten dozen
deaden lengthen listen widen lengthen happen |
Vol. 8
857-860 |
|
-in = "un" |
robin Franklin assassin
toxin bulletin insulin |
Vol. 8
861-862 |
|
-ion = "yun" |
opinion union reunion
onions rebellion battalion communion |
Vols. 8/9 837 &
935 |
|
-ian = "yun" |
Italian civilian
Sicilian Canadian Indian |
Vols. 8/9 853 &
936 |
|
-ain = "un" |
mountain certain
chieftain fountain bargain |
Vol. 4
419 |
| |
"unt" Suffixes |
|
|
-ant = "unt" |
elegant ignorant
significant applicant occupant lieutenant |
Vol. 2
254 |
|
-ent = "unt" |
different convenient
innocent confident residents |
Vol. 2
255 |
| |
"un-ss" Suffixes |
|
|
-ance = "un-ss" |
elegance ignorance
significance inheritance defiance |
Vol. 2
258 |
|
-ence = "un-ss"
|
violence coincidence
experience evidence obedience |
Vol. 2
260 |
| |
"und" Suffixes |
|
|
-and = "und" |
Ireland Scotland Holland
England Portland Maryland island |
Vol. 2
281 |
| |
"ur"
Suffixes |
|
|
-or = "ur" |
labor
neighbor harbor rigor
valor color humor
glamor |
Vol. 6
675-681 |
|
-our = "ur" |
labour neighbour harbour
rigour valour colour humour glamour |
Vol. 6
682 |
|
-ar = "ur" |
muscular cedar scholar
popular particular peculiar |
Vol. 6
673-674 |
|
-ir = "ur" |
nadir elixir astir tapir
kaffir bestir |
Vol. 6
675 |
| |
"ul" Suffixes |
|
|
el = "ul" |
label angel camel panel
chapel barrel weasel travel |
Vol. 6
624-627 |
|
al = "ul" |
verbal medal decimal
criminal trial rival withdrawal |
Vol. 8
818-827 |
|
ol = "ul" |
symbol idol pistol carol
gambol petrol Bristol capitol |
Vol. 6
628 |
|
ul = "ul" |
mogul consul eyeful
truthful respectful |
Vol. 6
629-631 |
| |
"AK," "EK"
& "IK" Suffixes |
|
|
-ac = "ak" |
maniac zodiac shellac
cognac almanac kleptomaniac |
Vol. 8
801 |
|
-ec = "ek" |
Aztek Alec |
Vol. 8
801 |
|
-ic = "ik" |
cubic Nordic terrific
tragic psychic frolic cosmic picnic |
Vol. 8
802-816 |
| |
"uh KUL"
Suffixes |
|
|
-ical = "uh KUL" |
chemical technical
historical mathematical |
Vol. 8
802-816 |
|
-acal = "uh kul" |
maniacal kleptomaniacal
xenomaniacal pyromaniacal |
Vol. 8
801 |
| |
"uh BUL"
Suffixes |
|
|
-able = "uh bul" |
probable readable
noticeable available variable |
Vol. 6
613-621 |
|
-ible = "uh bul" |
possible edible credible
compatible irresistible |
Vol. 6
621-623 |
| |
"uh TEE" Suffixes |
|
|
ity = "uh TEE" |
probability possibility
reality legality nationality |
Vol. 7
730-738 |
|
ety = "uh TEE" |
variety society piety
anxiety fidgety notoriety |
Vol. 7
729 |
| |
"us" Suffixes
Also combine
with ci, ti, xi, gi, & ge digraphs |
|
|
-ous = "us" |
tremendous fabulous
ridiculous famous poisonous |
Vol. 8
867-874 |
|
-ious = EE us |
envious previous dubious
amphibious studious |
Vol. 8
868-871 |
|
-eous = EE us |
hideous igneous
miscellaneous spontaneous |
Vol. 8
867 |
| |
ci = "sh"
combines with
-ous, -on,
-an, -al, -ent, -a, & -o Suffixes |
|
|
-cious = "shus" |
precious suspicious
gracious ferocious delicious |
Vol. 8
868 |
|
-cion = "shun" |
suspicion coercion |
Vol. 8
837 |
|
-cian = "shun" |
magician physician
electrician musician politician |
Vol. 8
854 |
|
-cial = "shul" |
racial commercial
special social crucial artificial |
Vol. 8
818 |
|
-cient = "shunt" |
efficient deficient
sufficient ancient coefficient |
Vol. 9
912 |
|
-cia = "shuh" |
Marcia Felicia Alicia
Patricia |
Vol. 9
912 |
|
-cio = "shoh" |
Ignacio pasticcio
libeccio braggadocio |
Vol. 9
912 |
| |
ti = "sh"
combines with
-ous, -on,
-an, -al, -ent, -a, & -o Suffixes |
|
|
-tious = "shus" |
ambitious infectious
repetitious cautious |
Vol. 8
870-871 |
|
-tion = "shun" |
ambitions infections
repetitions cautions |
Vol. 8
838-851 |
|
-tial = "shul" |
partial initial
credentials essential sequential martial |
Vol. 8
825 |
|
-tient = "shunt" |
patient quotient
sentient impatient insentient |
Vol. 9
914 |
|
-tia = "shuh" |
militia inertia Portia
Nova Scotia dementia |
Vol. 9
914 |
|
-tio = "shoh" |
ratio Horatio |
Vol. 9
914 |
| |
xi = "sh" combines only
with -ous |
|
|
-xious = "shus" |
anxious noxious
obnoxious fluxious influxious |
Vol. 9
917 |
| |
Consonant + si digraph combines with -on
|
|
|
-sion = "shun" |
tension expulsion
expansion suspension comprehension |
Vol. 8
836 |
| |
ss = "sh" combines with -ure |
|
|
-ssure = "shur" |
assure reassure pressure
fissure |
Vol. 9
915 |
| |
ssi = "sh" combines with -on & -an |
|
|
-ssion = "shun" |
passion compassion
impression obsession admission |
Vol. 8
834 |
|
-ssian =
"shun" |
Russian Prussian Hessian |
Vol. 9
916 |
| |
si = "zh" combines with -a, -an & -on |
|
|
-sia =
"zhuh" |
Asia euthanasia Tunisia
anesthesia amnesia Persia |
Vol. 9
917 |
|
-sian =
"zhun" |
Asian Caucasian artesian
Persian Eurasian |
Vol. 9
917 |
|
-sion =
"zhun" |
vision invasion
contusions exclusion corrosion explosion |
Vol. 9
918 |
| |
s = "zh" combines with -ure |
|
|
-sure =
"zhur" |
pleasure exposure
leisure treasure measure |
Vol. 9
919 |
| |
t = "ch" combines with -ue, -ure, -une |
|
|
-tue =
"choo" |
virtue statue habitué
("huh BICH choo AY") |
Vol. 9
923 |
|
-ture =
"chur" |
feature nature fracture
picture culture furniture vulture |
Vol. 9 923-924 |
|
-tune =
"chun" |
fortune fortunate
unfortunate misfortune |
Vol. 9
924 |
| |
ti = "ch" combines with -an and -on |
|
|
-tian =
"chun" |
Christian Sebastian
Christianity |
Vol. 9
854 |
|
-tion =
"chun" |
question suggestion
combustion exhaustion indigestion |
Vol. 8
851 |
| |
gi = "j" combines with -on & -ous |
|
|
-gion = "jun" |
region religion legion
contagion regional |
Vol. 9
920 |
|
-gious = "jus" |
religious contagious
sacrilegious prodigious prestigious |
Vol. 9
920 |
| |
gi = "j" combines with -on, -ous, & -ant |
|
|
-geon = "jun" |
surgeon dungeon bludgeon
pigeon |
Vol. 9
920 |
|
-geous = "jus" |
courageous gorgeous
outrageous advantageous |
Vol. 9
920 |
|
-geant = "junt" |
pageant sergeant
pageantry |
Vol. 9
920 |
| |
gu & gue = "g" |
|
|
-gu = "guh" |
guild guise disguise
guitar guilt guilty Guinness |
Vol. 9
921 |
|
-gue = "guh" |
fatigue morgue vague
league plague intrigue |
Vol. 9
921 |
| |
|
|
| |
In words whose base is polysyllabic
the "SILENT E" does NOT
make the vowel say its name!" |
|
|
-age = "ij" |
cabbage garbage carriage
marriage sausage percentage |
Vol. 3
327 |
|
-age = "AH'zh" |
garage mirage sabotage
camouflage entourage barrage |
Vol. 9
919 |
|
-ige = "EE'zh" |
prestige (c.f. loge,
rouge, deluge) |
Vol. 9
919 |
| |
|
|
|
-ace = "iss" |
menace palace terrace
furnace solace tenace |
Vol. 3
343 |
|
-ice = "iss" |
service cowardice
chalice armistice Eunice notice |
Vol. 3
343 |
|
-ice = "EE-ss" |
police Bernice (Nice,
France) policemen |
Vol. 3
344 |
| |
|
|
|
-ate = "it" |
private appropriate
certificates illiterate ultimate |
Vol. 3
354-355 |
|
-ite = "it" |
definite exquisite
prerequisite composite hypocrite |
Vol. 3
357 |
|
-ite = "eet" |
petite elite suite |
Vol. 3
358 |
| |
|
|
|
-ile = "il" |
agile fragile futile
fertile sterile facile docile |
Vol. 3
330 |
|
-ile = "eel" |
Mobile, automobile,
Castile |
Vol. 3
330 |
| |
|
|
|
-ine = "in" |
feminine masculine
genuine discipline imagine Catherine |
Vol. 3
338 |
|
-ine = "een" |
gasoline submarine
ravine machine quarantine sardines |
Vol. 3
336 |
| |
|
|
| |
In words that entered English from the
French
the letters ch make the "sh" and the letters qu =
"k" |
|
|
ch = "sh" |
chef chute parachute
cache mustache crèche charades |
Vol. 9 909-910 |
|
ique = "eek" |
technique unique pique
Monique antique boutique |
Vol. 9
901 |
|
sque = "sk" |
Basque picturesque
mosque bisque burlesque grotesque |
Vol. 9
902 |
| |
In words that entered English from the
German
the letters sch = "sh" |
|
|
sch = "sch" |
Schick Schmidt schuss
Schneider schlimazel schlep |
Vol. 9
911 |
| |
In words that entered English from the
Greek
the letters ch = "k" & ph = "f" |
|
|
ch = "k" |
ache chaos anchor
Michael character stomach Christ |
Vol. 9
905-908 |
|
sch = "sk" |
school scholar scheme
scholastic Schenectady |
Vol. 9
908 |
|
ph = "f" |
prophet sphere nephew
emphatic phases photograph |
Vol. 9
925-934 |
| |
Reversals: When the sounds DON'T
follow the letter order |
|
|
-re = "ur" |
centre acre theatre
mediocre orchestre ogre |
Vol. 6
683 |
|
-cle = "kul" |
miracle circle vehicle
obstacle spectacle icicles |
Vol. 6
610-611 |
| |
Even silent letters follow patterns |
|
|
Silent b |
lamb comb dumb climb
limb numb thumb plumb |
Vol. 9
958 |
|
Silent g |
gnat sign design foreign
reign deign gneiss gnome |
Vol. 9
959 |
|
Silent h |
ghost spaghetti
silhouette ghetto |
Vol. 9
960 |
|
Silent k |
know knowledge knife
knit knee kneel knights |
Vol. 9
959 |
|
Silent l |
palm calm qualms psalms
alms |
Vol. 9
960 |
|
Silent p |
pneumonia ptomaine
pseudo coup psychology |
Vol. 9
961 |
|
Silent s |
debris corps rendezvous
apropos (entre nous) escargots |
Vol. 9
959 |
|
Silent t |
debut depot rapport
escargot |
Vol. 9
959 |
|
Silent w |
wrap sword whole wrong
Wright writ writing wrist |
Vol. 9
960 |
|
Silent x |
faux pas, nouveaux
riches, beaux |
Vol. 9
949 |
| |
Vowel sounds in words whose base is
polysyllabic
often are quite different than what is taught
in grades 1 & 2 |
|
|
-e = "AY" |
debut fiancé fiancée
suede cliché attaché rendezvous |
Vol. 9
939-940 |
|
-et = "AY" |
buffet cabaret Chevrolet
croquet bouquet valet |
Vol. 9
940 |
|
-er = "AY'r"(air) |
merit cherub inherit
perish Sheraton therapist Bering |
Vol. 9
941-944 |
|
-eu = "OO" |
Reuben neutral deuce
sleuth leukemia euchre |
Vol. 9
957 |
|
-ou = "OO" |
tourists goulash routine
rouge cougar croupier rendezvous |
Vol. 9
950 |
|
-ou = "uh" |
courage double cousin
journey trouble |
Vol. 9
952 |
|
-i = "EE" |
macaroni pinochle debris
technique fatigue Rita |
Vol. 9
961 |
|
-y = long i |
cycle analyze psychopath
dynamite dynasty dynamic |
Vol. 9
953-956 |
|
-y= short i |
gym dyslexia physical
physician gypped gypsies |
Vol. 9
953-956 |
|
-i = "y" |
onion union junior
savior behavior battalion |
Vol. 9
953-956 |
|
-au = "OH" |
chauffeur chauvinist
gauche mauve |
Vol. 9
949 |
|
-eau = "OH" |
beau bureau plateau
trousseau chateau Rousseau |
Vol. 9
949 |
|
-en= "AW'n" |
ensemble détente entree
entrepreneur ennui rendezvous |
Vol. 9
949 |
|
-oi = "WAH" |
moi reservoir boudoir
repertoire memoirs voila |
Vol. 9
949 |
|
-u= "w" |
suite suede cuisine
suave linguistic persuasion |
Vol. 9
949 |
